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1. Chapter 1 Getting Started with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3

Linux, Open Source, and Red Hat 4
Origins of Linux 4
Distributions 5
Fedora 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Related Products 7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Edition 7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation Edition 8
Red Hat Add-Ons 8
Red Hat Directory Server 9
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 9
JBoss Enterprise Middleware 9
Red Hat Cloud 9
Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 9
Exploring the GNOME User Interface 33
Exploring the Applications Menu 34
Exploring the Places Menu 35
Exploring the System Menu 36
Summary 39

2. Chapter 2 Finding Your Way on the Command Line 41

Working with the Bash Shell 42
Getting the Best of Bash 42
Useful Bash Key Sequences 43
Working with Bash History 44
Performing Basic File System Management Tasks 45
Working with Directories 45
Working with Files 46
Piping and Redirection 50
Piping 50
Redirection 51
x Contents
Finding Files 55
Working with an Editor 56
Vi Modes 57
Saving and Quitting 57
Cut, Copy, and Paste 58
Deleting Text 58
Replacing Text 58
Using sed for the Replacement of Text 59
Getting Help 61
Using man to Get Help 61
Using the --help Option 65
Getting Information on Installed Packages 65
Summary 66

3. Chapter 3 Performing Daily System Administration Tasks 69

Performing Job Management Tasks 70
System and Process Monitoring and Management 72
Managing Processes with ps 73
Sending Signals to Processes with the kill Command 74
Using top to Show Current System Activity 76
Managing Process Niceness 80
Scheduling Jobs 82
Mounting Devices 83
Working with Links 87
Creating Backups 88
Managing Printers 89
Setting Up System Logging 91
Setting Up Rsyslog 92
Common Log Files 94
Setting Up Logrotate 96
Summary 98

4. Chapter 4 Managing Software 99

Understanding RPM 100
Understanding Meta Package Handlers 101
Creating Your Own Repositories 103
Managing Repositories 104
RHN and Satellite 106
Installing Software with Yum 109
Querying Software 115
Extracting Files from RPM Packages 118
Summary 119

5. Chapter 5 Configuring and Managing Storage 121

Understanding Partitions and Logical Volumes 122
Creating Partitions 123
Creating File Systems 129
File Systems Overview 129
Creating File Systems 131
Changing File System Properties 132
Checking the File System Integrity 134
Mounting File Systems Automatically Through fstab 135
Working with Logical Volumes 139
Creating Logical Volumes 139
Resizing Logical Volumes 143
Working with Snapshots 146
Replacing Failing Storage Devices 149
Creating Swap Space 149
Working with Encrypted Volumes 151
Summary 154

6. Chapter 6 Connecting to the Network 155

Understanding NetworkManager 156
Working with Services and Runlevels 156
Configuring the Network with NetworkManager 158
Working with system-config-network 160
Understanding NetworkManager Configuration Files 161
Understanding Network Service Scripts 164
Configuring Networking from the Command Line 164
Troubleshooting Networking 169
Setting Up IPv6 173
Configuring SSH 174
Enabling the SSH Server 175
Using the SSH Client 177
Using PuTTY on Windows Machines 177
Configuring Key-Based SSH Authentication 178
Using Graphical Applications with SSH 181
Using SSH Port Forwarding 182
Configuring VNC Server Access 183
Summary 185

7. Chapter 7 Working with Users, Groups, and Permissions 189

Managing Users and Groups 190
Commands for User Management 190
Managing Passwords 192
xii Contents
Modifying and Deleting User Accounts 193
Behind the Commands: Configuration Files 194
Creating Groups 198
Using Graphical Tools for User and Group Management 201
Using External Authentication Sources 203
Understanding the Authentication Process 208
Understanding sssd 208
Understanding nsswitch 209
Understanding Pluggable Authentication Modules 210
Managing Permissions 212
Understanding the Role of Ownership 212
Basic Permissions: Read, Write, and Execute 214
Advanced Permissions 216
Working with Access Control Lists 220
Setting Default Permissions with umask 225
Working with Attributes 226
Summary 227

8. Chapter 8 Understanding and Configuring SELinux 229

Understanding SELinux 230
What Is SELinux? 231
Understanding the Type Context 231
Selecting the SELinux Mode 233
Working with SELinux Context Types 235
Configuring SELinux Policies 237
Working with SELinux Modules 238
Setting Up SELinux with system-config-selinux 239
Troubleshooting SELinux 239
Summary 244

9. Chapter 9 Working with KVM Virtualization 245

Understanding the KVM Virtualization Architecture 246
Red Hat KVM Virtualization 246
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 247
Preparing Your Host for KVM Virtualization 248
Installing a KVM Virtual Machine 249
Managing KVM Virtual Machines 255
Managing Virtual Machines with Virtual
Machine Manager 256
Managing Virtual Machines from the virsh Interface 262
Understanding KVM Networking 263
Summary 268

10. Chapter 10 Securing Your Server with iptables 269

Understanding Firewalls 270
Setting Up a Firewall with system-config-firewall 271
Allowing Services 272
Trusted Interfaces 275
Masquerading 275
Configuration Files 278
Setting Up a Firewall with iptables 279
Understanding Tables, Chains, and Rules 280
Understanding How a Rule Is Composed 280
Configuration Example 281
Advanced iptables Configuration 287
Configuring Logging 287
The Limit Module 289
Configuring NAT 289

11. Chapter 11 Setting Up Cryptographic Services 293

Introducing SSL 294
Proof of Authenticity: the Certificate Authority 295
Managing Certificates with openssl 296
Creating a Signing Request 302
Working with GNU Privacy Guard 302
Creating GPG Keys 303
Key Transfer 305
Managing GPG Keys 307
Encrypting Files with GPG 308
GPG Signing 310
Signing RPM Files 310

12. Chapter 12 Configuring OpenLDAP 315

Understanding OpenLDAP 316
Types of Information in OpenLDAP 316
The LDAP Name Scheme 316
Replication and Referrals 317
Configuring a Base OpenLDAP Server 318
Installing and Configuring OpenLDAP 318
Populating the OpenLDAP Database 320
Creating the Base Structure 320
Understanding the Schema 323
Managing Linux Users and Groups in LDAP 326

13. Chapter 13 Configuring Your Server for File Sharing 333

Configuring NFS4 334
Setting Up NFSv4 335
Mounting an NFS Share 337
Making NFS Mounts Persistent 338
Configuring Automount 338
Configuring Samba 342
Setting Up a Samba File Server 342
Samba and SELinux 345
Samba Advanced Authentication Options 346
Accessing Samba Shares 346
Offering FTP Services 348
File Sharing and SELinux 351
Summary 352

14. Chapter 14 Configuring DNS and DHCP 355

Understanding DNS 356
The DNS Hierarchy 356
DNS Server Types 357
The DNS Lookup Process 358
DNS Zone Types 359
Setting Up a DNS Server 359
Setting Up a Cache-Only Name Server 359
Setting Up a Primary Name Server 361
Setting Up a Secondary Name Server 368
Understanding DHCP 369
Setting Up a DHCP Server 370
Summary 374

15. Chapter 15 Setting Up a Mail Server 375

Using the Message Transfer Agent 376
Understanding the Mail Delivery Agent 377
Understanding the Mail User Agent 377
Setting Up Postfix as an SMTP Server 377
Working with Mutt 378
Basic Configuration 380
Internet Configuration 382
Configuring Dovecot for POP and IMAP 383
Further Steps 384
Summary 384

16. Chapter 16 Configuring Apache on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 385

Configuring the Apache Web Server 386
Creating a Basic Website 386
Understanding the Apache Configuration Files 387
Apache Log Files 393
Apache and SELinux 393
Getting Help 395
Working with Virtual Hosts 396
Securing the Web Server with TLS Certificates 399
Configuring Authentication 404
Setting Up Authentication with .htpasswd 405
Configuring LDAP Authentication 406
Setting Up MySQL 407
Summary 409

17. Chapter 17 Monitoring and Optimizing Performance 413

Interpreting What’s Going On: The top Utility 414
CPU Monitoring with top 415
Memory Monitoring with top 417
Process Monitoring with top 419
Analyzing CPU Performance 420
Understanding CPU Performance 421
Context Switches and Interrupts 421
Using vmstat 425
Analyzing Memory Usage 425
Page Size 425
Active vs. Inactive Memory 426
Kernel Memory 427
Using ps for Analyzing Memory 430
Monitoring Storage Performance 433
Understanding Disk Activity 434
Finding Most Busy Processes with iotop 438
Setting and Monitoring Drive Activity with hdparm 440
Understanding Network Performance 440
Optimizing Performance 446
Using a Simple Performance Optimization Test 447
CPU Tuning 449
Tuning Memory 451
Optimizing Interprocess Communication 453
xvi Contents
Tuning Storage Performance 455
Network Tuning 459
Optimizing Linux Performance Using cgroups 464
Summary 466

18. Chapter 18 Introducing Bash Shell Scripting 467

Getting Started 468
Elements of a Good Shell Script 468
Executing the Script 471
Working with Variables and Input 472
Understanding Variables 472
Variables, Subshells, and Sourcing 474
Working with Script Arguments 476
Asking for Input 480
Using Command Substitution 482
Substitution Operators 483
Changing Variable Content with Pattern Matching 485
Performing Calculations 489
Using Control Structures 491
Using if...then...else 493
Using case 496
Using while 498
Using until 499
Using for 500
Summary 503

19. Chapter 19 Understanding and Troubleshooting the Boot Procedure 505

Introduction to Troubleshooting
the Boot Procedure 506
Configuring Booting with GRUB 507
Understanding the grub.conf Configuration File 507
Changing Boot Options 510
Using the GRUB Command Line 513
Reinstalling GRUB 514
GRUB behind the Scenes 514
Common Kernel Management Tasks 516
Analyzing Availability of Kernel Modules 517
Loading and Unloading Kernel Modules 518
Loading Kernel Modules with Specific Options 519
Upgrading the Kernel 521
Configuring Service Startup with Upstart 521
Basic Red Hat Enterprise Linux Troubleshooting 524
Summary 527
Contents xvii

20. Chapter 20 Introducing High-Availability Clustering 529

Understanding High-Availability Clustering 530
The Workings of High Availability 530
High-Availability Requirements 531
Red Hat High-Availability Add-on Software
Components 534
Configuring Cluster-Based Services 535
Setting Up Bonding 535
Setting Up Shared Storage 537
Installing the Red Hat High Availability Add-On 541
Building the Initial State of the Cluster 542
Configuring Additional Cluster Properties 546
Configuring a Quorum Disk 549
Setting Up Fencing 551
Creating Resources and Services 554
Troubleshooting a Nonoperational Cluster 558
Configuring GFS2 File Systems 559
Summary 560

21. Chapter 21 Setting Up an Installation Server 561

Configuring a Network Server As an Installation Server 562
Setting Up a TFTP and DHCP Server for PXE Boot 563
Installing the TFTP Server 564
Configuring DHCP for PXE Boot 565
Creating the TFTP PXE Server Content 565
Creating a Kickstart File 568
Using a Kickstart File to Perform an Automated
Installation 568
Modifying the Kickstart File with
system-config-kickstart 570
Making Manual Modifications to the Kickstart File 573
Summary 576

Training Curriculum as per Industrial Standard.
Placement Assistance.
Pre Placement & Technical Assessment at frequent interval.
Real time case studies/Project Based Training.

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